Showing posts with label colonial history. Show all posts
Showing posts with label colonial history. Show all posts

The Transatlantic Constitution: Colonial Legal Culture and the Empire Review

The Transatlantic Constitution: Colonial Legal Culture and the Empire
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This is a book of serious legal historical scholarship. Ms. Bilder is a Law Professor at Boston College Law School, and holds a Ph.D. in American history from Harvard. As such, portions of it may be heavy-going for the general reader, but enough of the general analysis comes through to make this a valuable resource for anyone interested in the judicary and colonial legal history. At issue is how tiny Rhode Island managed to maintain a very substantial degree of legal autonomy within the British Empire. To answer this query, Bilder focuses upon the central principle of the Empire that while "a colony's laws could not be repugnant to the laws of England [they] could differ according to the people and place" (p. 1). This principle was implemented as to all the American colonies, and gave each colony much maneuvering room to maintain a healthy degree of local autonomy.
While we have an exceptional general overview of London v. colony in Joseph H. Smith's, "Appeals to the Privy Council from the American Plantations," he obviously cannot probe in great detail any individual colony's experience with this system. That Bilder does do in taking up such topics as "Women, Family, Property," "Personnel and Practices" (a very interesting chapter), "Religious Establishment and Orthodoxy," and other issues. Her discussion of the Privy Council and the development of the appeal is particularly effective. Basically, over time, the "repugnance" and "divergence" principle was ambiguous enough to fuel an effective sharing of responsibilities within the Empire (sort of a variant of "salutary neglect"), though over time with the tightening of control from London this flexibility was constricted, prompting the American Revolution.
Bilder's final chapter is probably the most valuable for the general reader and scholars alike. What effect did this experience with the "repugnancy principle" have on the development of judicial review within the new states, the institution of federal judicial review of state and Congressional legislation, and the evolution of federalism? In sum, a very fine contribution indeed by Bilder based upon impeccable research (the notes run over 80 pages) and an impressive command of the topic.

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Architecture and Town Planning in Colonial North America (3 Vol. Set) Review

Architecture and Town Planning in Colonial North America (3 Vol. Set)
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Wow. Where do I start?
If you are an art or architectural historian, and you consider yourself a member of the so-called "colonial mafia" (you know who you are), this work is indispensable. Its swath of interest includes all colonial settlements in North America (excluding Mexico) - Spanish, French, British, Russian, Dutch, Swedish, German, and African. The quality of research is world class. The text is rich with detail, but not so esoteric as to put off a serious general reader. Spread over three beautifully bound volumes, these books present the architectural history of colonial settlements in North America as both an extension of the home country in a pure, rustic form that evolved and refined over time as the colonial elite used architectural expression to distinguish itself, but also as those cultures assimilated new forms appropriate to the physical conditions of the "New World." The results were something new. It's an awesome presentation both in width and depth of study, and it appreciates architecture as a culturally central art form.
Sure, there are some small holes, as another reviewer has noted, but the magnificent scope of this project makes it impossible for the author to cover every possible town, city, style and period. And while there's a nice chunk for British North America (as is expected), don't think the author made his studies of the other colonial societies filler or framing material for the English. In fact, one of the best things about these books is that they treat the colonial experiments of many other European countries with fine detail and profound insight. The author does go out on a limb sometimes with an opinion or two that can leave you scratching your head. For example, his post-dating Middleburg Plantation in South Carolina from 1699 to the "late 18th century" comes across as a bit of a hunch rather than being supported by solid evidence. Examples such as this are rare.
Another nice feature is that Kornwolf finds value in structures that other scholars and various landmark societies have largely ignored. This is particularly true in his treatment of Virginia. There's more there than Wilson and Loth have told you about.
This is no casual book for placing on your living room furniture, but an important and canonical work in its genre that deserves reserved space in your library. It's worth every cent.
I should note that these books are not an architectural catalog, per se. Don't expect AIA-style building entries. The entire work is narrative, supported by a huge collection of 3,000 monochrome illustrations, most from other sources, including photographs, plans, maps and other graphics. The entire book considers perhaps 2,000 structures in the United States and Canada.
Another point to remember, particularly for plantation lovers: While not neglecting important rural sites, these books are about the urban development of the continent, and focus heavily on town architecture. The discussion is not limited to domestic architecture either, but includes comprehensive studies of important public buildings.

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An extraordinary work, unparalleled in its breadth and depth of detail, this three-volume set offers the first comprehensive history of architecture and town planning throughout colonial North America, from Russian Alaska to French Quebec, to Spanish Florida and California, to British, Dutch, and other settlements on the East Coast. Across this vast terrain, James Kornwolf conjures the outlines of the constructed environment as it emerged in settlements and communities, in structures and sites, and in the flourishes and idiosyncrasies of the families and individuals who erected and inhabited colonial buildings and towns. Here as never before readers can observe the impulses and principles of colonial design and planning as they are implemented in the buildings and streets, harbors and squares, gardens and landscapes of the New World.Incorporating more than 3,000 illustrations, Kornwolf's massive work conveys the full range of the colonial encounter with the continent's geography, from the high forms of architecture through formal landscape design and town planning. From these pages emerge the fine arts of environmental design, an understanding of the political and economic events that helped to determine settlement in North America, an appreciation of the various architectural and landscape forms that the settlers created, and an awareness of the diversity of the continent's geography and its peoples. Considering the humblest buildings along with the mansions of the wealthy and powerful, public buildings, forts, and churches, Kornwolf captures the true dynamism and diversity of colonial communities -- their rivalries and frictions, their outlooks and attitudes -- as they extended their hold on the land. His work conveys for the first time the full scale, from intimate to grand, of their enduring transformation of the natural landscape of North America.

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The Jamestown Experiment: The Remarkable Story of the Enterprising Colony and the Unexpected Results That Shaped America Review

The Jamestown Experiment: The Remarkable Story of the Enterprising Colony and the Unexpected Results That Shaped America
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This book is badly written and poorly organized. It contains large sections that have been paraphrased or copied from other works (e.g John Smith papers) and often confuses the names of companies, officers, and locations. The author's negative treatment of the Powhatan is one sided and no balance is found. It really looks like a series of term papers pasted together and is of little use as a reference document. I was very disappointed.

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The American dream was built along the banks of the James River in Virginia.

The settlers who established America's first permanent English colony at Jamestown were not seeking religious or personal freedom. They were comprised of gentlemen adventurers and common tradesmen who risked their lives and fortunes on the venture and stood to reap the rewards-the rewards of personal profit and the glory of mother England. If they could live long enough to see their dream come to life.

The Jamestown Experiment is the dramatic, engaging, and tumultuous story of one of the most audacious business efforts in Western history. It is the story of well-known figures like John Smith setting out to create a source of wealth not bestowed by heritage. As they struggled to make this dream come true, they would face relentless calamities, including mutinies, shipwrecks, native attacks, and even cannibalism. And at every step of the way, the decisions they made to keep this business alive would not only affect their effort, but would shape the future of the land on which they had settled in ways they never could have expected.

The Jamestown Experiment is the untold story of the unlikely and dramatic events that defined the "self-made man" and gave birth to the American dream.

Tony Williams taught history and literature for ten years, and has a master's in American history from Ohio State University. He wrote Hurricane of Independence and The Pox and the Covenant, and is currently a full-time author who lives in Williamsburg, Virginia, with his wife and children.
(20110307)

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The Jamestown Adventure: Accounts of the Virginia Colony, 1605-1614 (Real Voices, Real History) Review

The Jamestown Adventure: Accounts of the Virginia Colony, 1605-1614 (Real Voices, Real History)
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The 20 collected writings relating to the English colony of Jamestown in Virginia, the first English settlement in America, are arranged chronologically from 1605 to 1614. This covers the time just before the arrival of the first colonists on three ships to the marriage of John Rolfe and Pocahontas. The variety of historical documents collected by the editor, a graduate of Wake Forest U., brings out the many sides of the venture of Jamestown. The struggle of the first colonists and mysteries surrounding the fate of some of them are the usual focus of the Jamestown colony. But besides these familiar subjects, Southern includes in this anthology Spanish documents evidencing concern over the colony; English papers voicing the interests and worries of investors; and references by Shakespeare to Jamestown.


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In December 1606, three ships carrying 144 passengers and crew sailed from London for the New World. In May of the following year, a little more than 100 men disembarked on a peninsula in a river they called the James. Eight months later, only 38 were still alive in the fort they named Jamestown. This volume collects contemporary accounts of the first successful colony in America. The earliest text dates from two years before the first landing; the last describes events up to 1614, when Pocahontas married John Rolfe. Most accounts were written by the colonists themselves. The narratives take the reader from the London stage to Powhatan's lodge, from the halls of royal power to the derelict hovels of the Starving time.

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Insiders' Guide to Williamsburg 16th: and Virginia's Historic Triangle (Insiders' Guide Series) Review

Insiders' Guide to Williamsburg 16th: and Virginia's Historic Triangle (Insiders' Guide Series)
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The Insiders Guide to the historic triangle badly needed this updating, especially in the area of restaurants and shopping; so many have closed and new ones opened.
This is a very satisfactory guide, and unless you really want all the historical minutia that the individual Williamsburg, Yorktown and Jamestown guides will give you this is all you need. The Williamsburg chronology goes up to 2007 and Queen Elizabeth's visit, but other listings are more recent.
This guide does not go into as much detail as its predecessor in describing day trips farther a field, but if you are going even into the Hampton Roads, Newport News area you really need a Virginia guide anyway. With that said it puzzles me that there are listings done for as far away as Virginia Beach, Smithfield and Tangier Island, but yet it leaves out Gloucester, (except for one mention of a daffodil festival), which is just across the river from Yorktown and played a key part in the battle and still has a charming colonial area and restaurants with river views.
A big improvement is the listing are price guides for restaurants and hotels, a change from the last edition. There are telephone numbers, addresses and web sites for the listings. Also appreciated is the honesty in evaluating one of Williamsburg's well known shopping destinations: Williamsburg Pottery Factory and Outlets which has gone downhill in recent years, but some tour operators still include it on their stops.
One thing I wish was made clearer is the distinction between the Yorktown Victory Center and the National Park Center and the same situation at Jamestown. I know many visitors have visited the Victory Center at Yorktown and the Jamestown Settlement instead of the National historic site centers and thought they were at the real setting, which they aren't. There really should be clearer guidance both at the locations and in the guidebooks.
Maps are clear and information on modern attractions such as amusement parks, the arts, military sites retirement, health care and media are given. It's a worthwhile guide for anyone visiting the area.

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Rebels Rising: Cities and the American Revolution Review

Rebels Rising: Cities and the American Revolution
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Writings about the revolution in recent years have been dominated by biographies of the most famous founders, neglecting not only the not-so-famous, but the masses of the American people. It is a pleasure, therefore, to find a new book that focuses on the common people, and of five major cities at that. Carp does not single out individuals so much as urban people in the mass, but he does it well by dividing the cities into "cultural landscapes" that themselves influenced how people thought and behaved. This is truly original, and thank goodness it is readable rather than drily academic. I recommend it to all.

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Savage Kingdom: The True Story of Jamestown, 1607, and the Settlement of America Review

Savage Kingdom: The True Story of Jamestown, 1607, and the Settlement of America
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I came across this book after hearing the author interviewed on NPR on the anniversary of the Jamestown colony. From just the few minutes I managed to catch from that conversation the author had me rethinking my vague and mostly uninvestigated thoughts on that early settlement.
Wooley has a great ability to take well researched and documented accounts and weave a compelling narrative without overly indulging in fantasy or sketches compiled of heresay or assumptions.
What took me in about this book was just how much Byzantine politics and motives the early administrators of the colony had coming over from England. (i.e aliases, spies, traitors, defectors, etc.)
If you are interested in what the first steps were in The New World before Declarations and Revolutions and why they were made, I would check this out. It's an essential foundation if you are, like me, consuming our countries earliest intentions and ambitions that led us to where we are now.

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